Know Your Electronic Time-Line

[skitzokronicles]

-1834 Ada Byron made the first designs for a computer generated machine called Analytical Engine, with the collaboration of mathematicians Charles Babbage and Louis Menebrea.


-1867, Hipps invented the Electromechanical Piano in Neuchatel (Switzerland), being possibly the first instrument related with an electronic technology.

-1867 Elisha Grey creates the Electroharmonic Piano (also known as the Musical Telegraph or Harmonic Telegraph).(He invented the ElectroHarmonic Piano the same year with Hipps’ Electromechanical Piano!!! A few hours after the American physicist Alexander Graham Bell had registered for his final patent for the telephone, Grey filed a claim for its invention and prevented the issuance of the patent pending a legal hearing!!! Either he had the worse of luck or he was always run ahead by time lol.)

-1867 Koenig invented the Tonometric; an instrument divided four octaves into 670 equal parts made use of micro-tuning.

-1877 Thomas Edison invented the Phonograph, the father of the modern turntables and record players.

-1898 Valdemar Poulson patented the Telegraphone -the first magnetic recording machine.

- 1900’s Experimental classical music is the first music genre to use electronic manipulation.

-1906 The Telharmonium (Dynamophone) a device that produces music by an alternating current running dynamos- was invented by Thaddeus Cahill, meaning this the first additive synthesis device.

-1910 first radio is broadcasted in New York city.

-1912 Luigi Russolo founded the Italian Futurist movement and wrote the manifesto Musica Futurista along with poet Filippo Marinetti, stating that the current musical of instrumental music was dead.

-1914 Russolo and Marinetti performed the first concert of Futurist music “Art of Noises” concert in Milan, Italy. Noise instruments whose sounds (howls, roars, shuffles, gurgles, etc.) were hand activated and projected by horns and megaphones.(Poor bastards they died before Breakcore!)listening to the REAL ART OF NOISE

-1917 The father of all synthesizers was invented by physicist Leon Theremin in the USSR while experimenting with radio vacuum tubes for the design of security alarms.

-1923 Erik Satie creates Musique D’Ameublement (furniture music), a precedent in minimal and ambient music.

-1926 In Paris Antheil requires car horns, airplane propellers, saws and anvils in his performance of Ballet Mechanique.

-1932 Leopold Stokowski addresses the Acoustical Society of America, calling for collaboration among physicists, musicians, and psychologists, and predicts a time when a composer "can create directly into Tone, not on paper."(Even nowadays people would still think he’s crazy lol)

-1939 John Cage started a series of experiments with indeterminacy and composes “Imaginary Landscape No. 1″ where performers use multiple record players changing the variable speed settings.

-1939 the first vocoder was produced by Homer Dudley.

-1945 Harry Chamberlin invents the chamberlin, a keyboard predecesor of The Mellotron that works with pre-recorded sample tapes.

-1948 Pierre Schaeffer launches "Musique Concrete" at a Paris radio station. This is the beginning of the "first school" of electronic music.

-1948 Radio Diffusion Television Francaise (RTF) presents a program of Schaeffers first works under the title "Concert de Bruits" (noises) which caused a scandal in Paris. Pierre Boulez recorded a series of piano chords of musical styles which Schaeffer used as the raw material for the works.

-1949, one of the world’s earliest stored program electronic digital computers known as the CSIR MK1 and developed in Sydney, Australia, ran it’s first program and by the initiative of mathematic Geoff Hill was used to play popular music.

-1950’s the sound of the synthesizers became popular by being used in sci-fi and mystery films.

-1951 A group of Japanese composers establish "Jikken Kobo" (Experimental Laboratory) using equipment furnished by SONY.

-1951 the CSIR MK1 publicly played the tune “Colonel Bogey”. the next year, Luciano Berio (Italy) established the Milan Studio for investigation of electronic music.

-1953 the electronic music reached the films for the very first time when Louis and Bebe Baron started producing soundtracks for sci-fi films like “Forbidden Planet” using electronic sounds.

-1953 Another important device in the development of electronic music was the sequencer, a device which memorizes settings and parameters, programes sequences of notes and arpeggios, and reproduces them using the sound source from an electronic instrument. The first circuitry concept for the automatic sequential performance of musical pitches -known as a sequencer- was invented by Raymond Scott.

-1958 Edgar Varese composed “Poeme Electronique” for the World’s Fair in Brussels and it was performed on 425 loudspeakers, being one of the first large-scale multimedia productions.

-1959 Being this the first piece using a tape recorder as part of the live performance Mauricio Kagel (Argentina) composed “Transicion II”.

-1959 One of the essential instruments in the development of the electronic music was the drum machine, a device that features a bank of percussive sounds and a sequencer to program and play rhythms. The first drum machine was the Wurlitzer Sideman.

-1960’s and 70’s pop and rock artists such as The Beach Boys, Led Zeppelin, Uriah Heep, and Pink Floyd, Coil, Gary Numan, Skinny Puppy, Goldfrapp, Meat Beat Manifesto, Nine Inch Nails, Jean Michel Jarre, and Scanner used Theremin.

-1963 Raymond Scott released “Soothing Sound for Baby” being a pioneering work of Ambient electronica.

-1964 the Mellotron, another essential electronic instrument during the early pop music decades, was produced by Bradley Bros. The Mellotron is a keyboard whose keys play loops of tapes of sound samples (such as strings, winds or choirs).

-1966 the psychedelic scene started in San Francisco.( lol just if I had a time machine!!)

-1967 Walter Carlos’ album “Switched on Bach” became the first classical record to be certified platinum by the RIAA and earned three Grammy Awards and the very first hit in the history of electronic music. The album quickly shoots into the Billboard Top 10 of Billboard's Pop Top 200 Albums list and stays there for more than a year, earning three Grammy nominations, the first album to popularize music on synthesizers. It also becomes the best-selling classical album of all time and becomes the first classical album to go platinum. (Best Classical Album, Best Classical Performance, Best Classical Engineered Recording).

-1967 was also the year that the hippy culture blossomed in San Francisco during the famous “Summer of Love”.(LOL blossomed like a flower!)

-1968 reggae scene started in Jamaica. (We come in peace [high] mon.)

-1968 King Tubby of Jamaica births the dub which will later birth the remix. The Jamaicans also invent toasting(speaking over music aka rapping), the MC, and the DJ (turntable) which becomes important hip hop elements.

-1968 first dub was done by producers like Lee ‘Scratch’ Perry, Clement Dodd, and Bunny Lee.

-1969 was the start of the digital era, based in use of microprocessors to store and alter information in a digital language (numbers), which allows the memorization of the information, and the quantifying of the information in measured steps.

-1970’s the industry of drum machines became wider with the production of numerous models such as CONN Min-O-Matic (1970) , Roland TR-33 (1972), Roland TR-55 (1972), Electro Harmonix DRM-16 (1978), Boss Dr.Rhythm DR-55 (1979), and the popular Linn LM-1 (1979). Roland CR-78 was the first programable drum macine which would let the musician program his own rhythms.
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-1972 the German band Neu! released the debut album “Neu!”, an innovative work experimental rock featuring some of the most pioneering punk and minimalist music from the 20th Century. At the same time in the U.S., Soul artists Stevie Wonder released “Talking Book”, one of the most influential funk albums in the decade.

-1972 disco music the popular side of funk music, is born with its signature 4/4 dance sounds. It popularizes the club scene and also invents the 12".

-1973 Keith Emerson, from the progressive rock band “Emerson, Lake and Palmer”, was the first artist to perform live playing a modular system.

-1973 Rick Wakeman releases The 6 Wives of Henry VIII and becomes the first electronic solo artist in history to be a pop superstar.

-1973 Hip Hop DJ Kool & DJ Herc connects two turntables with identical records, spins one record while delaying the other, and thus creates a break in the music; breakbeat is born.

-1975 the underground hip hop scene emerged in New Yok’s Bronx and Brooklyn neighborhoods.

-1976 New Age music is born although several precedents have led to its full development.

-1976 Industrial music will give rise to subgenres in the later years such as EBM, Industrial Gothic (e.g. Bauhaus), Aggro-Industrial (e.g. KMFDM), Electro Industrial (e.g. SPK), and Industrial rock (e.g. Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie).

-1976 Grandmaster Flash released his first album “Super Rappin” with his new band The Furious Five, being one of the first commercial hip-hop albums.

-1977 Giorgio Moroder produces Donna Summer's seminal electronic disco anthem "I Feel Love" which influences dance/electronic music forever.

-1977 Brian Eno coined the term “Ambient Music” for his album “Music for Films”

-1977 In the UK, Throbbing Gristle released the debut album “Second Annual Report”, a pioneer work of industrial electronic music.

-1979 industrial scene started in the UK by the hand of Industrial Records and a number of artists from Sheffield, such as Clock DVA, and Cabaret Voltaire which released “Mix Up” using tape loops and sampled “noise” being pioneers of the industrial, synth pop, and techno genres.

-1980’s started with the birth of the first digital sampler-keyboard, the Fairlight CMI. Sugarhill Gang released “Rapper’s Delight”, taking the hip-hop culture to the mainstream audiences.

-1980’s after the arcade craze of the 70s, the early 80s sees the first video game music; a new electronic music genre is born.(8bits and ATARI)

-1980’s Sampling and the break beat become important features for both hip-hop and dance/electronic music (in dance/electronic music, the break beat dispels the myth [disco myth] that all dance is 4/4).

-1980’s The 80s becomes the most danceable, diverse, and crossover decade of the 20th century. Dance/electronic music will flourish as new genres are created, influencing pop music as a whole.

-1980’s The 80s is also known as the Computer/Electronic age. For the first time, video games, computers, and electronic equipment became affordable, efficient, and put to great use.

-1980’s the use of sequencers was everywhere, becoming one of the main techniques of the techno and electronic music in general, and computer software has replaced in the studios the hardware sequencers, though some notable digital sequencers can be found, like Yamaha QX-5, and Doepfer Schaltwerk sequencer.

-1980 The Technics 1200 turntables (a.k.a the wheels of steel) is released from Japan which becomes the standard turntable and a breakthrough in DJ device history.

-1981 confirmed the coming of a new generation of artists married with the electronic technologies.

-1981 The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Machine is released, a programmable drum machine using analogs (this becomes the backbone of electro and techno music).

-1982, the house scene started in Chicago by the hand of Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse club, who had been resident since 1977.

-1982 Japanese composer Masami Akita -aka Merzbow- established the very first noise label: Lowest Music & Arts.

-1982 births three important dance/electronic subgenres freestyle music, Miami Bass, and early techno.

-1983 Jesse Saunders released the first house record ever “On & On”.

-1983 Front 242 coined the term EBM (Electronic Body Music also known as industrial dance) with the release of the 12″ “Endless Riddance”, and Depeche Mode released the album “Construction Time Again”, becoming one of the most influencial Synth Pop bands of the decade.

-1983 The TB-303 Bassline (transistor bass) is released (the backbone for acid house and trance).

-1984 The last year of Disco before it manifests into 'House' music. House music is born, updated Disco with machines.

-1984 the writer William Gibson published “Neuromancer” , which originated the cyberpunk culture. The novel is based in the control of the human by the power of technology and micro-bionics in a futuristic culture and the creation of artificial intelligence. In the book Gibson coined himself the term of “cyberspace”. Cyberpunk culture influenced literature, comics, and films during the 90’s, and also electronic music and the art and visual world that surround it.

-1984 The Roland TR-909 Drum Machine, both an analog-digital rhythm machine, is released.

-1986, Afrika Bambaataa released “Planet Rock”, a classic hiphop album which established the bases of techno and electro genres.

-1986 The garage scene started in New York in the “Paradise Garage” club, whose resident DJ was Larry Levan.

-1987 the acid house scene started in Chicago by the hand of Herbert J, DJ Pierre and Spanky. Acid house scene soon reached Manchester and, at the same time, European clubs such as Ministry of Sound and Cream arrived to the Spanish island of Ibiza to spread the trance scene.

-1987 the rave scene grows in connection to club designer drugs such as ecstasy and acid music.

-1987 the independent music label Warp was founded in Sheffield by Steve Beckett and Rob Mitchell, becoming one of the most significant European electronic labels of the decade. (Amazing label)

-1988 Ibiza, a Balearic island off the coast of Spain, begins to be the dance/electronic club capital of the world, bought strictly for tourism and clubbing.

-1988 In London, the rave scene started with the legendary “Summer of Love”.(haha this one is a different type of love, this is tough love!!)

-1989 the first Love parade is celebrated in Berlin featuring just 150 people.

-1989 in Bristol, the trip hop scene emerged by the hand of the Wild Bunch collective, becoming one of the most important genres of the last decades.

-1990’s represented the revolution of the computer culture; software programs supplied the electronic technology with the use of clone mixing and recording devices, as well as VST instruments.

-1990’s Rave music peaks as dance/electronic music meets mainstream success.

-1990 Underground Resistance is formed by Jeff Mills, Mike Banks, Robert Hood, and Alan Oldman, becoming the most influential techno band in the decade.

-1990 Trance music soon becomes one of the biggest dance/electronic subgenres ever, ranking with house and techno music.

-1991 Massive Attack released the debut album “Blue Lines” making popular the Bristol trip hop scene.

-1991 the Trance scene starts in Frankfurt by the hands of artists like Sven Vath , Paul Van Dyke and Laurent Garnier.

-1992 Frankie Bones started organizing parties attracting an audience of 5,000 people, and spreading the rave scene in the U.S.

-1992 the Jungle scene started at the “Jungle” club where artists like DJ Hype mixed house music and hip hop at 45 rpm.

-1992 Hardcore music emerges (and peaks), becoming the fastest music in the world.

-1992 Goa trance scene started taking shape in the Western island of Goa.

-1992 IDM (Intelligent Dance music) emerges, combining elements of "high-brow" music with various dance/electronic subgenres. The music is an antithesis to the annoying and cheesy dance that has been embraced by the mainstream.

-1993 UK artist Aphex Twin released “Selected Ambient Works 85-92″, compiling some of the most influential ambient works from the electronic music era.

-1993 The icelandic singer Bjork, ex-Sugarcubes, released her “Debut” album merging pop music with different styles of electronic music and other genres.

-1993 Richie Hawtin aka Plastikman released his debut album “Sheet One”, one of the main minimal techno albums from the decade.

-1994 The Criminal Justice Act of the U.K. prohibits raves and forces them back into the clubs.

-1994 Drum ‘n’ bass scene breaks up in London, by the hand of several artists from the Metalheadz Collective who were spinning at the Blue Note club.(Drum and Bass Baby… Yaaah baby)

-1994 Future Sound of London were the first band to record live using ISDN transmissions via telephone right from their studio to radio stations in the recording of the “ISDN” album.

- 1995 Goldie released the debut album “Timeless”, one of the most important works of early Drum ‘n’ Bass.

-1995 Chemical Brothers released “Exit Planet Dust” making the big beat sound extremely popular and taking electronic music to the mainstream.

-1996 Electro was recovered by artists like Anthony Rother and DJ Assault.

-1996 UK Hallucinogen’s first release “Twisted” became one of the pioneer records of Psychedelic trance.

-1997 Roni Size released the debut album “New Forms”, becoming one of the most reputed Drum ‘n’ Bass works of the decade.

-1997 Glitch aesthetic was born by the hand of digital artists like Pan Sonic, Carsten Nicolai, Taylor Deupree and Kim Cascone.

-1998 was the year of the birth of the Raster Noton label, becoming one of the most important experimental and minimal platforms.

-Early 00’s already a big percentage of the electronic artists were performing live using solely a laptop.

-Early 00’s Electro had a resurrection, becoming one of the most popular electronic styles at the clubs.

-00’s also saw the coming of a new myriad of artists fusing electronic music with all shorts of styles, including rock, pop, punk rock, jazz, progressive rock , and especially folk music.

-2001 first Electroclash Festival was celebrated in New York as a reflection of a growing scene in USA and other European cities.

-2003 on April 10, the U.S. senate and house pass the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act (formerly the R.A.V.E. act of 2002), stating that the club property owner can be jailed for up to 20 years if their customers commit any drug offence. The whole club industry is affected.

Once again I was being selective when stating the Electronic Timeline based on which is more important and efficient information which had an enormous growth and progress in the future of EM. The early 00’s drastic changes and measures occurred with rapid internet usage all over the world allowing rookie, amateur and professional artists to discover each other’s music. The internet made way for the new EM generation of artists, the fusion, merge, mix and cut of the new sounds of technology. Now it is inflexible to keep up with all the subgenres and styles merging out of the main Electronic scenes. Future music is now and it is being developed, modified, blended and torn into new urban resonance.

[samlbronkowitz]

[jayk]

[mzy]

[A-Cube]

[Genesis]

[skitzokronicles]